A 3D coordinate system with a vector and its projections.
Rendering
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{60}{110}\begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords, scale=1.5]
\draw[->] (0,0,0) -- (3,0,0) node[anchor=north east]{$x$};
\draw[->] (0,0,0) -- (0,3,0) node[anchor=north west]{$y$};
\draw[->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,3) node[anchor=south]{$z$};
\draw[->, thick, blue] (0,0,0) -- (1.5,1.3,1.5) node[above right]{$P$};
\draw[dashed] (1.5,1.3,1.5) -- (1.5,1.3,0) -- (1.5,0,0);
\draw[dashed] (1.5,1.3,0) -- (0,1.3,0);
\end{tikzpicture}